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Hernia Ya Umbilical Katika Mbwa - Mbwa Hernia
Hernia Ya Umbilical Katika Mbwa - Mbwa Hernia

Video: Hernia Ya Umbilical Katika Mbwa - Mbwa Hernia

Video: Hernia Ya Umbilical Katika Mbwa - Mbwa Hernia
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Mbwa wa Mbwa Hernia

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MicrosoftInternetExplorer4

<w: LatentStyles DefLockedState = "uwongo" DefUnhideWhenUsed = "kweli"

DefSemiHidden = "kweli" DefQFormat = "uwongo" DefPriority = "99"

LatentStyleCount = "267">

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "0" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Kawaida"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "9" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "kichwa 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "10" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Kichwa"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "11" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Mada ndogo"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "22" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Nguvu"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "20" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Mkazo"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "59" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Jedwali"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "1" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Hakuna Nafasi"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "60" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Name = "Shading Light"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "61" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya Mwanga"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "62" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Mwanga"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "63" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Shading Medium 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "64" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Name = "Shading Medium 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "65" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya kati 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "66" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya kati 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "67" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya kati 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "68" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "69" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "70" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya Giza"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "71" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Shading ya rangi"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "72" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha yenye rangi"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "73" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Name = "Gridi ya rangi"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "60" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Kivuli cha Nuru 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "61" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Orodha ya Nuru 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "62" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Name = "Lafudhi ya Gridi ya Nuru 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "63" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Shading ya kati 1 lafudhi 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "64" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Shading Medium 2 Lafudhi 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "65" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Orodha ya kati 1 lafudhi 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "34" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Orodha ya aya"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "29" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Quote"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "30" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Quote Intense"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "66" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya kati 2 lafudhi 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "67" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 1 lafudhi 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "68" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 2 Lafudhi 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "69" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 3 lafudhi 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "70" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Orodha Nyeusi 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "71" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Kauli ya kupendeza ya Shading 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "72" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya Kahawia lafudhi 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "73" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Name = "Kawaida ya Gridi ya Rangi 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "60" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Lafudhi ya Shading Nuru 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "61" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Orodha ya Nuru 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "62" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Lafudhi ya Gridi ya Nuru 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "63" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Shading ya kati 1 lafudhi 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "64" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Shading Medium 2 Lafudhi 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "65" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Orodha ya kati 1 lafudhi 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "66" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya kati 2 lafudhi 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "67" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 1 lafudhi 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "68" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 2 Lafudhi 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "69" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 3 lafudhi 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "70" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Orodha ya Giza 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "71" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Kauli ya kupendeza ya Shading 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "72" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya Alama ya Alama 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "73" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Name = "lafudhi ya Gridi ya Rangi 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "60" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Lafudhi ya Shading Nuru 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "61" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Orodha ya Nuru 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "62" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Name = "Lafudhi ya Gridi ya Nuru 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "63" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Shading ya kati 1 lafudhi 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "64" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Shading Medium 2 Lafudhi 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "65" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya kati 1 lafudhi 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "66" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya kati 2 lafudhi 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "67" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 1 lafudhi 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "68" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 2 Lafudhi 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "69" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 3 lafudhi 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "70" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Orodha ya Giza 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "71" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Kauli ya kupendeza ya Shading 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "72" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya Kahawia lafudhi 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "73" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "lafudhi ya Gridi ya Rangi 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "60" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Shading Nuru 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "61" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Orodha ya Nuru 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "62" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Lafudhi ya Gridi ya Nuru 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "63" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Shading ya kati 1 lafudhi 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "64" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Shading Medium 2 Lafudhi 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "65" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya kati 1 lafudhi 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "66" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya kati 2 lafudhi 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "67" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 1 lafudhi 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "68" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 2 Lafudhi 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "69" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 3 lafudhi 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "70" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Orodha Nyeusi 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "71" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Kauli ya kufurahisha yenye rangi ya rangi 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "72" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya Kahawia lafudhi 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "73" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uwongo" Name = "Lafudhi ya Gridi ya Rangi 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "60" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Lafudhi ya Kivuli cha Nuru 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "61" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Orodha ya Nuru 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "62" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Lafudhi ya Gridi ya Nuru 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "63" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Shading ya kati 1 lafudhi 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "64" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Shading Medium 2 Lafudhi 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "65" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya kati 1 lafudhi 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "66" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya kati 2 lafudhi 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "67" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 1 lafudhi 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "68" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 2 Lafudhi 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "69" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 3 lafudhi 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "70" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Lafudhi ya Orodha ya Giza 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "71" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Kauli ya kupendeza ya Shading 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "72" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya Kahawia lafudhi 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "73" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Lafudhi ya Gridi ya Rangi 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "60" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Kupiga Nuru 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "61" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Orodha ya Nuru 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "62" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Lafudhi ya Gridi ya Nuru 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "63" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Shading ya kati 1 lafudhi 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "64" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Shading Medium 2 Lafudhi 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "65" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Orodha ya kati 1 lafudhi 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "66" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya Kati 2 lafudhi 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "67" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 1 lafudhi 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "68" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 2 Lafudhi 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "69" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 3 lafudhi 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "70" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Orodha Nyeusi 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "71" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Kauli ya kupendeza ya Shading 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "72" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya Kahawia lafudhi 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "73" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Name = "Kawaida ya Gridi ya Rangi 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "19" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Mkazo wa hila"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "21" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Mkazo Mkubwa"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "31" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uwongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Marejeleo ya hila"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "32" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Marejeleo Makubwa"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "33" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Kichwa cha Kitabu"

Hernia ya umbilical ni ufunguzi katika ukuta wa misuli ambapo kitovu (kitufe cha tumbo) iko. Hernia inaruhusu yaliyomo ya tumbo kupita kwenye ufunguzi.

Dalili na Aina

Hernias za umbilical zinaweza kuwa ngumu au ngumu. Hernia ngumu ni ile ambayo yaliyomo ndani ya tumbo la tumbo, kama kitanzi cha utumbo, yamepitia ufunguzi na kukamatwa.

Hernia ya umbilical isiyo ngumu inahusishwa na uvimbe laini katika eneo la kitovu. Uvimbe huu unaweza kubadilika kwa saizi na inaweza kuja na kwenda. Vinginevyo, mbwa itaonekana kuwa na afya.

Dalili zinazoonekana na henia ngumu ya umbilical inaweza kujumuisha:

  • Maumivu na joto, haswa kwenye wavuti ya uvimbe wa umbilical
  • Kutapika
  • Ukosefu wa hamu ya kula
  • Huzuni

Sababu

Hernias nyingi za umbilical katika mbwa labda zinarithiwa ingawa kiwewe pia inaweza kuwa sababu. Aina zingine za mbwa, pamoja na Airedales, Pekingese, na basenji wamewekwa kwa hernias ya kitovu.

Utambuzi

Hernias za umbilical kawaida zinaweza kugunduliwa kwa kupata uvimbe unaosababishwa na henia kwenye uchunguzi wa mwili. Walakini, wakati mwingine kulinganisha radiografia (eksirei) au ultrasound ya tumbo inahitajika ili kujua ni yapi yaliyomo ndani ya tumbo, ikiwa yapo, yamefungwa.

Matibabu

Matibabu ya henia ya umbilical inajumuisha marekebisho ya upasuaji wa ufunguzi na uingizwaji wa yaliyomo ndani ya tumbo ikiwa ni lazima. Hernias zingine za umbilical, hata hivyo, zitafungwa kwa hiari, kawaida na umri wa miezi 6.

Hernias ndogo za kitovu hazihitaji marekebisho ya upasuaji lakini hernias kubwa inapaswa kutengenezwa ili kuondoa hatari ya shida.

Kuzuia

Kwa sababu hernias nyingi za umbilical ni urithi, wanyama wa kipenzi walio na hernias hizi hawapaswi kuzalishwa.

Ilipendekeza: