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Pua Kutokwa Na Damu Katika Farasi
Pua Kutokwa Na Damu Katika Farasi

Video: Pua Kutokwa Na Damu Katika Farasi

Video: Pua Kutokwa Na Damu Katika Farasi
Video: MEDICOUNTER EPS 3: KUTOKA DAMU PUANI 2024, Desemba
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Bleeder

Kawaida

uwongo

uwongo

uwongo

EN-MAREKANI

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X-HAKUNA

MicrosoftInternetExplorer4

<w: LatentStyles DefLockedState = "uwongo" DefUnhideWhenUsed = "kweli"

DefSemiHidden = "kweli" DefQFormat = "uwongo" DefPriority = "99"

LatentStyleCount = "267">

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "0" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Kawaida"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "9" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "kichwa 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "10" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Kichwa"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "11" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Mada ndogo"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "22" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Nguvu"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "20" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Mkazo"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "59" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Jedwali"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "1" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Hakuna Nafasi"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "60" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Name = "Shading Light"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "61" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya Mwanga"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "62" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Mwanga"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "63" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Shading Medium 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "64" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Name = "Shading Medium 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "65" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya kati 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "66" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya kati 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "67" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya kati 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "68" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "69" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "70" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya Giza"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "71" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Shading ya rangi"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "72" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha yenye rangi"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "73" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Name = "Gridi ya rangi"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "60" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Kivuli cha Nuru 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "61" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Orodha ya Nuru 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "62" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Name = "Lafudhi ya Gridi ya Nuru 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "63" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Shading ya kati 1 lafudhi 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "64" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Shading Medium 2 Lafudhi 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "65" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Orodha ya kati 1 lafudhi 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "34" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Orodha ya aya"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "29" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Quote"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "30" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Quote Intense"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "66" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya kati 2 lafudhi 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "67" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 1 lafudhi 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "68" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 2 Lafudhi 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "69" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 3 lafudhi 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "70" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Orodha Nyeusi 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "71" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Kauli ya kupendeza ya Shading 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "72" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya Kahawia lafudhi 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "73" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Name = "Kawaida ya Gridi ya Rangi 1"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "60" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Lafudhi ya Shading Nuru 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "61" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Orodha ya Nuru 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "62" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Lafudhi ya Gridi ya Nuru 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "63" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Shading ya kati 1 lafudhi 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "64" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Shading Medium 2 Lafudhi 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "65" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Orodha ya kati 1 lafudhi 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "66" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya kati 2 lafudhi 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "67" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 1 lafudhi 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "68" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 2 Lafudhi 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "69" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 3 lafudhi 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "70" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Orodha ya Giza 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "71" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Kauli ya kupendeza ya Shading 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "72" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya Alama ya Alama 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "73" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Name = "lafudhi ya Gridi ya Rangi 2"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "60" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Lafudhi ya Shading Nuru 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "61" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Orodha ya Nuru 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "62" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Name = "Lafudhi ya Gridi ya Nuru 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "63" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Shading ya kati 1 lafudhi 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "64" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Shading Medium 2 Lafudhi 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "65" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya kati 1 lafudhi 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "66" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya kati 2 lafudhi 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "67" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 1 lafudhi 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "68" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 2 Lafudhi 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "69" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 3 lafudhi 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "70" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Orodha ya Giza 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "71" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Kauli ya kupendeza ya Shading 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "72" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya Kahawia lafudhi 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "73" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "lafudhi ya Gridi ya Rangi 3"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "60" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Shading Nuru 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "61" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Orodha ya Nuru 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "62" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Lafudhi ya Gridi ya Nuru 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "63" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Shading ya kati 1 lafudhi 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "64" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Shading Medium 2 Lafudhi 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "65" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya kati 1 lafudhi 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "66" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya kati 2 lafudhi 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "67" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 1 lafudhi 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "68" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 2 Lafudhi 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "69" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 3 lafudhi 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "70" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Orodha Nyeusi 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "71" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Kauli ya kufurahisha yenye rangi ya rangi 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "72" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya Kahawia lafudhi 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "73" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uwongo" Name = "Lafudhi ya Gridi ya Rangi 4"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "60" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Lafudhi ya Kivuli cha Nuru 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "61" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Orodha ya Nuru 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "62" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Lafudhi ya Gridi ya Nuru 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "63" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Shading ya kati 1 lafudhi 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "64" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Shading Medium 2 Lafudhi 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "65" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya kati 1 lafudhi 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "66" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya kati 2 lafudhi 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "67" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 1 lafudhi 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "68" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 2 Lafudhi 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "69" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 3 lafudhi 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "70" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Lafudhi ya Orodha ya Giza 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "71" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Kauli ya kupendeza ya Shading 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "72" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya Kahawia lafudhi 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "73" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Lafudhi ya Gridi ya Rangi 5"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "60" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Kupiga Nuru 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "61" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Orodha ya Nuru 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "62" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Lafudhi ya Gridi ya Nuru 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "63" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Shading ya kati 1 lafudhi 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "64" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Shading Medium 2 Lafudhi 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "65" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Orodha ya kati 1 lafudhi 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "66" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya Kati 2 lafudhi 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "67" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 1 lafudhi 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "68" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 2 Lafudhi 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "69" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Gridi ya Kati 3 lafudhi 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "70" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Lafudhi ya Orodha Nyeusi 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "71" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "false" Name = "Kauli ya kupendeza ya Shading 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "72" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Jina = "Orodha ya Kahawia lafudhi 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "73" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" Name = "Kawaida ya Gridi ya Rangi 6"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "19" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Mkazo wa hila"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "21" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Mkazo Mkubwa"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "31" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uwongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Marejeleo ya hila"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "32" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Marejeleo Makubwa"

<w: LsdException Locked = "uongo" Kipaumbele = "33" SemiHidden = "uongo"

UnhideWhenUsed = "uongo" QFormat = "kweli" Jina = "Kichwa cha Kitabu"

Neno "bleeder" hutumiwa kuelezea farasi anayetokwa damu kutoka puani wakati au baada ya kipindi cha kazi ngumu. Hii inaweza kutisha kwa mmiliki yeyote wa farasi, haswa wale ambao hawajawahi kuwa na farasi wa kutokwa na damu au kusikia ya mmoja hapo awali. Kiasi cha damu hutofautiana sana kutoka kesi hadi kesi, kutoka kwa kiwango kidogo tu hadi kutokwa na damu ambayo inaweza kuwa hatari kwa maisha.

Dalili

Damu nyekundu katika pua moja au zote mbili

Sababu

  • Kutokwa na damu kutoka kwa njia ya chini ya hewa kwa sababu ya kazi kamili au mazoezi (zoezi lililosababisha kutokwa na damu ya mapafu - EIPH)
  • Ethmoid Hematoma (ukuaji nyuma ya pua)
  • Maambukizi ya kuvu kwenye mkoba wa guttural (eneo lililojaa hewa kwenye fuvu nyuma ya sinasi)
  • Kiwewe cha kichwa

Utambuzi

Ikiwa kutokwa na damu kunatokea baada ya mazoezi ya kusumbua (kama vile farasi wa mbio), mtihani wa endoscopic unapaswa kufanywa. Jaribio hili linaweza kugundua EIPH. Ikiwa damu ya pua hufanyika kwa hiari, kichwa cha eksirei na vipimo zaidi kama vile MRIs vinaweza kuhitajika kugundua sababu.

Matibabu

Matibabu inaweza kuamua tu baada ya kugundulika kwa sababu ya kutokwa na damu, kwani hakuna matibabu halisi ya kutokwa na damu, tu kwa sababu ya kutokwa na damu yenyewe.

Kuishi na Usimamizi

Kulingana na sababu, hatua tofauti lazima zichukuliwe baada ya matibabu ili kuhakikisha farasi wako ana afya na damu inacha. Farasi aliye na EIPH kawaida anaweza kusimamiwa na dawa zingine na kuendelea na taaluma ya riadha iliyofanikiwa. Walakini, farasi aliye na maambukizo ya kuvu atahitaji dawa kali za kuzuia kuvu au hata upasuaji ili kuondoa maambukizo.

Ilipendekeza: